Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) is a ambi-eyes disease of abnormal retina blood capillary growth that happens at premature and especially at low weight premature infants. It manifests as retinal ischemia, retinal neovascularization and proliferative retinopathy, seriously it can cause retinal detachment and lead to permanent blindness. In recent years, with the perinatology level improving, the livability of premature is also increasing,while the rate of ROP is also increasing. Because its consequence is serious and it causes tremendous harm to sick children and families, people pay attention to ROP increasingly. At present, true pathogenesis of ROP is still not distinct and genuine pathogenesis of ROP is not clear and it is short of efficient preventive measurement. This article makes a review in etiological factor, pathogenesis, intervention as well as recent studies for ROP.