AIM:To investigate the relationship between high myopia incidence and ABO blood group by correlation analysis of myopia incidence of different blood groups, hoping to find a way to treat and prevent high myopia. METHODS:ABO blood group of 70 high myopia patients and 72 normal people (control group) were tested by tube agglutination, and the distributions were compared according to sex and ABO blood group. RESULTS:For high myopia , the distribution was O>B>A>AB, female group had higher incidence than male, and there was significant difference between A blood group and O blood group (χ2=5.9510,P<0.05). Comparing the other blood groups, there were no significant differences of each other. CONCLUSION:Women tended to have higher incidence than men in high myopia. The genetic factors of A blood group antigen had some relationship with prevention of high myopia. The fact also revealed that female of O blood group should pay more attention to prevention and treatment of high myopia at the same time, which had important meaning in high myopia prevention.