To investigate the postoperative complications of artificial nasolacrimal duct implantation, and to look for effective treatment method. METHODS:Totally 146 cases (160 eyes) of dacryocystitis and nasolacrimal duct obstruction with more than 3 months of artificial nasolacrimal duct implantation in our hospital during 2009-2010 were analyzed retrospectively.The causes of complications were summarized and analyzed, treatment method and its effect on complication were observed. RESULTS:Complications occurred in 37 eyes of the 160 eyes.3 eyes (8.1%) were due to eyebrow was too high and lacrimal sac-nasolacrimal duct angle was too big.3 eyes (8.1%) with traumatic dacryocystitis and nasolacrimal duct stenosis changed to operation treatment because the dilator could not enter the nasolacrimal duct; 5 eyes（13.5%） underwent reimplantation due to artificial nasolacrimal duct down shift at one month later; Proliferation of granulation tissue and obstruction occurred in 20 eyes (54.1%) 6 months after the surgery, and 6 eyes （16.2%） 12 months after the surgery;5 eyes restored unobstructed with dilatation and injection of mitomycin C and tobramycin dexamethasone ointment, the failed cases underwent dacryocystorhinostomy or nasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. CONCLUSION:Obstruction caused by granulation tissue hyperplasia of artificial nasolacrimal duct mushroom head is the most common complication of artificial nasolacrimal duct implantation, incidence is proportional to implantation time. It is needed to strictly grasp the indications of artificial nasolacrimal duct implantation.Chronic dacryocystitis should be treated with operation therapy as the preferred method.