Choroidal melanoma(CM) is the most common intraocular tumor in adults. It is a major ocular problem that could threaten the patients life and requires early diagnosis and treatment. During the past decade, there has been a trend in the management of CM from enucleation to conservative nonenucleation treatments such as thermotherapy, plaque radiotherapy, charged-particle radiotherapy, and local resection. Recent researches have shown that combined modality therapy has been more and more popular now. We reviewed the current literature for trials and case reports on choroidal melanoma and discusses its diagnosis and current treatment.