Silent information regulator protein 1(SIRT1)is a kind of histone deacetylases class III on which cell metabolism coenzyme NAD⁺ is dependent. By the transcriptional regulation, it participates in the regulation of gene transcription, energy metabolism and cell aging process, which can prolong the lifespan of organisms and delay the development of various age-related diseases and has attracted much attention in the field of anti-aging research. In recent years, studies have shown that SIRT1 occupies an important position in the pathogenesis of many ophthalmic diseases, especially in ocular surface diseases, glaucoma, cataracts, uveitis, and ocular fundus diseases, etc. There is a possibility that the promotion of SIRT1 activity would be the new drug target of ophthalmic therapy. The paper will review studies on SIRT1 and ophthalmic diseases.