AIM: To observe vascular density and foveal avascular zone(FAZ)in macular area for diabetic macular edema(DME)with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)when before and after intravitreal injection of rainbizumab.

METHODS: For the 45 DME patients(52 eyes)whose diagnosis were confirmed by ophthalmic clinical examination, their sick eyes were examined by OCTA with macular area 3x3mm scanning range model when before and 1wk after intravitreal injection of rainbizumab, and obtain vascular density of superficial capillary plexus(SCP), deep capillary plexus(DCP), and the number of microaneurysm and the area, perimeter and the roundness index in FAZ, and do block matching t-test.

RESULTS: There was no statistical difference for the vascular density of SCP before and after treatment(t=1.635, P=0.10). Vascular density(46.59%±4.91%)of DCP after treatment were more than before treatment(42.47%±4.16%), and it was statistically significant difference(t=1.014, P=0.02). There was no statistical difference for the number of microaneurysm in SCP when before and after treatment(t=1.623, P=0.21); But the number of microaneurysm(6.10±0.67)in DCP after treatment decreased obviously than before treatment(8.21±0.41),and the difference was statistically significant(t=1.124, P=0.01). The area and perimeter of FAZ after treatment increased than before treatment, but there was no statistical difference(P>0.05); The roundness index of FAZ after treatment was lower than before treatment,and there was also no statistical difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The capillary circulation in DCP increased in short term for sick eyes of DME after intravitreal injection of rainbizumab, and the number of microaneurysm in DCP reduced, but the change in SCP is not obvious. At the same time, the area, perimeter and the roundness index of FAZ had no significant meaning of clinical observation for DME with injection of rainbizumab.