AIM: To study the changes of myopic components in premature children aged 1-6 years, and to explore the relationship between the development of myopia and components.

METHODS: Totally 158 cases of 316 eyes of preterm infants with myopia were collected from the eye clinic of Hunan Children's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018. As a non-myopia group of preterm infants. Corneal curvature(CR), anterior chamber depth(ACD), vitreous cavity depth(VITR), axial length(AL), lens thickness(LT)and other refractive parameters were detected and analyzed in two groups of subjects.

RESULTS: To 1-3 years old premature children,there was the steeper CR and the longer AL in myopia group than non-myopia group, but only longer AL in 4-6 years old premature children. To 1-3 years old premature children, there were significant differences in CR and AL between myopia group and non-myopia group, but VITR and AL in 4-6 years old.

CONCLUSION: The mismatch of optical components development may be one of causes in premature children myopia. The axis length played a major role in the occurrence of myopia, the steep corneal curvature in young premature children.