AIM: To report a case of branch retinal artery obstruction (BRAO) complicated after anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). METHODS: A 42 year-old woman who complained of visual disturbance was performed ophthalmological examinations such as fundus photography, fluorescent angiography (FAG) and visual field test. RESULTS: At first visit, disc swelling was noted and arterial circulation was intact, however, 1 week after onset, the inferior branch retinal artery began to shrink and the flame hemorrhage intensified. Sixteen months later, the optic disc evidenced an atrophic change; additionally, a ghost vessel in the inferior branch retinal artery was found. CONCLUSION: We report a case of complications of BRAO arising after AION which caused the mechanical compression on the arterial circulation.