Gender as an effect modifier in the relationship between hypertension and reticular pseudodrusen in patients with early or intermediate age-related macular degeneration
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Jennifer L. Patnaik. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1675 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Jennifer.Patnaik@cuanschutz.edu

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Supported by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health [No.R01EY032456 (AML)], Research to Prevent Blindness grant to the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, the Frederic C. Hamilton Macular Degeneration Center, the Sue Anschutz-Rogers Eye Center Research Fund and by NIH/NCATS Colorado CTSA (No.UL1 TR002535).

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    Abstract:

    AIM: To determine whether the prevalence of treated hypertension is higher among males or females with early/intermediate (e/i) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with and without bilateral reticular pseudodrusen (RPD). METHODS: Retrospective review of the records of patients with e/iAMD who were recruited into the University of Colorado AMD registry between July 2014 and November 2019. Images were classified using the Beckman Initiative criteria and presence/absence of RPD. Patients were categorized into three groups: 1) e/iAMD with RPD; 2) e/iAMD without RPD; 3) control patients who did not have AMD. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used for adjusted analysis with odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: There were 260 patients with e/iAMD of which 101 had bilateral RPD and 159 had no RPD, and 221 controls. Overall, 62% of patients were female and the three groups did not differ by gender. When stratified by gender, the female e/iAMD/RPD group had a higher prevalence of hypertension, 64.1% vs 45.2% for controls, OR=2.2 (95%CI: 1.2-4.0). The frequency of hypertension in the e/iAMD/no RPD group was 54.1% and did not significantly differ from the control group. Among males, prevalence rates of treated hypertension did not differ. There is a significant interaction of hypertension and gender for the e/iAMD/RPD group such that women with e/iAMD who had RPD were significantly more likely to have hypertension (P=0.042). This relationship was not significant in the e/iAMD/no RPD group (P=0.269). CONCLUSION: Among females treated hypertension is significantly higher among e/iAMD/RPD patients, whereas for males there is no significant association.

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Nathaniel Gelinas, Anne M. Lynch, Marc T. Mathias, et al. Gender as an effect modifier in the relationship between hypertension and reticular pseudodrusen in patients with early or intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Int J Ophthalmol, 2022,15(3):461-465

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History
  • Received:July 21,2021
  • Revised:December 03,2021
  • Adopted:
  • Online: March 01,2022
  • Published: