AIM: To investigate whether the two-step strategy [conjunctival flap covering surgery (CFCS) combined with secondary deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK)] is effective for patients with high-risk fungal keratitis (FK). METHODS: In this noncomparative, retrospective case series, 10 subjects (6 males, 4 females) with a mean age of 56.5±7.1 (range 47-72)y with high-risk FK undergone the two-step strategy were included. Reported outcome measures were healing of the corneal ulcer, recurrence of FK, reject reaction, improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and relevant complications. RESULTS: The average diameter of corneal infiltrates was 7.50±0.39 mm, ranging from 6.94 to 8.13 mm. The mean depth of corneal infiltrates was 422.4±77.1 μm, ranging from 350 to 535 μm. The mean corneal thickness was 597.4±117.3 μm, ranging from 458 to 851 μm. Hypopyon and endothelial plaques were presented in all patients. The period between the two steps was 3.65±0.9 (ranging from 3 to 5)mo. The graft diameter was 7.75±0.39 mm. At the last follow-up (average 9.25±3.39, ranging from 5.5 to 17mo), no fungal recurrence or graft rejection appeared, and all patients showed improvement of BCVA. One patient suffered from liver function impairment due to oral voriconazole for 4wk and recovered spontaneously after 1wk of drug withdrawal. CONCLUSION: The two-step strategy is safe and effective in the treatment of high-risk FK by transforming intentional therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty during acute infection to later optical DALK. It is a practical strategy, especially in areas lacking fresh donor corneas and eye bank services.