AIM: To compare the qualitative and quantitative features among untreated polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nv-AMD) and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). METHODS: This retrospective study included 16 eyes with thin-choroid PCV, 18 eyes with thick-choroid PCV, 16 eyes with nv-AMD and 17 eyes with CSC, respectively. The indicators were obtained by OCT and OCTA. RESULTS: Sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in CSC was thicker compared to other groups (all P<0.05). SFCT in nv-AMD was thicker compared to thin-choroid PCV, but thinner compared with thick-choroid PCV (both P<0.05). As the ratio of thickness of Haller’s layer to thickness of SFCT, which of thin-choroid PCV was significantly higher than CSC (P<0.001). Likewise, thick-choroid PCV had significantly higher ratio than nv-AMD (P=0.016) or CSC (P<0.001). There were differences among them in pigment epithelium detachment (PED). The whole-superficial retinal vessel density (RVD), deep RVD and choroidal capillary vessel density (CCVD) in CSC were significantly higher compared to other three groups, respectively (all P<0.05). The whole CCVD in nv-AMD was higher compared to thick-choroid PCV (P=0.032). Cross-sectional local angiographic form was 87.50%, 83.33%, 0 and 35.29% in thin-choroid PCV, thick-choroid PCV, nv-AMD and CSC, respectively. Cross-sectional diffuse angiographic form was 12.50%, 16.67%, 100% and 5.88% in thin-choroid PCV, thick-choroid PCV, nv-AMD and CSC, respectively. CONCLUSION: Combination of OCT and OCTA can effectively observe the significant alterations existed in PCV, CSC and nv-AMD, and there are distinctive differences among them. The pathogenesis is not exactly the same between PCV and nv-AMD, or PCV and CSC.