BASIC RESEARCH

Effects of quercetin on diabetic retinopathy and its association with NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy

Rong Li, Lin Chen, Guo-Min Yao, Hong-Lin Yan, Li Wang

This study aims to investigate the effects of quercetin on diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its association with nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and autophagy using human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) as an experimental model. Quercetin was applied to HRMECs with high glucose stimulation to observe its effects on retinal angiogenesis in this study. Quercetin significantly inhibited the viability, migration, and tube formation of HRMECs under high glucose conditions. Meanwhile, quercetin significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy signaling pathway which were activated by high glucose conditions. And this efficacy of quercetin was dose dependent. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy signaling pathway may be one of the pharmacological mechanisms of quercetin to inhibit angiogenesis of HRMECs induced by high glucose.

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槲皮素对糖尿病视网膜病变的影响及其与NLRP3炎症小体和自噬的关系

该研究以人视网膜微血管内皮细胞（HRMECs）为实验模型，探讨槲皮素对糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的影响及其与NLRP3炎症小体和自噬的关系。作者将槲皮素应用于高糖刺激的HRMECs，观察其对视网膜血管生成的影响。结果发现槲皮素在高糖条件下能显著抑制HRMECs的活力、迁移和管状结构形成。同时，槲皮素显著抑制高糖条件下激活的NLRP3炎症小体和自噬信号通路。槲皮素的这种作用是剂量依赖性的。NLRP3炎性小体和自噬信号通路的抑制作用可能是槲皮素抑制高糖诱导HRMECs血管生成的药理机制之一。

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CLINICAL RESEARCH

Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: risk factors, clinical course, and visual outcome in 13 patients

Jamel Corredores, Itzhak Hemo, Tareq Jaouni, Zohar Habot-Wilner, Michal Kramer, Shiri Shulman, Haneen Jabaly-Habib, Ala’a Al-Talbishi, Michael Halpert, Edward Averbukh, Jaime Levy, Iris Deitch-Harel, Radgonde Amer

Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE) is a medical emergency with potentially devastating ocular consequences. High index of suspicion in patients with inciting risk factors is essential because of the low yield of blood cultures and the good general condition of patients at presentation. In this study we aimed to analyse the risk factors, ophthalmological features, treatment modalities and their effect on the visual outcome in patients presenting with EFE. Visual prognosis was improved with the prompt institution of the most potent systemic and intravitreal pharmacotherapy and the immediate surgical intervention when indicated. Around half of the patients were treated with oral and local steroids with a greater improvement in vision than patients who were not treated with steroids. Therefore, steroids are to be considered in cases of prolonged or marked inflammatory responses in order to hasten control of inflammation and limit ocular complications.

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内源性真菌性眼内炎：13例患者的危险因素、临床病程和视力结果

内源性真菌性眼内炎（EFE）是一种具有潜在眼部破坏性后果的急症。由于极低的血培养阳性率及患者就诊时一般情况良好，因此对具有诱发危险因素的患者应保持高度怀疑。该研究分析了EFE患者的危险因素、眼部特征、治疗方式及其对视力结果的影响。研究发现及时实施最有效的全身和玻璃体内药物治疗，并在需要时立即进行手术干预，可改善视力预后。大约一半的患者接受口服和局部类固醇治疗，视力比未接受类固醇治疗的患者视力有更显著的改善。因此，在炎症反应持续或明显的情况下，应考虑使用类固醇，以加速炎症控制和限制眼部并发症的发生。

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INVESTIGATION

Epidemiology and risk factors for sports- and recreation-related eye injury: a multicenter prospective observational study

Dong Eun Lee, Hyun Wook Ryoo, Sungbae Moon, Jae Yun Ahn, Jung Ho Kim, Jong-Yeon Kim

This study aimed to identify the epidemiologic characteristics of sports- and recreation-related eye injuries in a large metropolitan city and investigate risk factors associated with visual impairment. Researchers performed a multicenter prospective observational study on patients using the regional eye injury registry data. Among 349 patients with recreation- and sports-related eye injury, men accounted for most patients and the proportion of teenagers and patients in their 20s were high. Soccer was the most common causative activity. Badminton and soccer were significantly associated with visual impairment at the first hospital visit compared with combat sports. Therefore, intervention efforts such as deployment of protective eyewear in sports facilities and schools and promotion of wearing protective eyewear during these activities in teenagers and individuals in their 20s are mandatory.

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运动和娱乐相关性眼损伤的流行病学和危险因素:多中心前瞻性观察研究

该研究旨在探讨城市中运动和娱乐相关的眼损伤的流行病学特征，并调查与视力损害相关的危险因素。研究人员利用区域性眼损伤登记数据对患者进行了多中心前瞻性观察研究。349例与运动相关的眼外伤患者中，青少年和20多岁患者所占比例较高。足球是娱乐和运动相关眼损伤最常见的病因。与竞技类运动相比，羽毛球和足球在第一次就诊时与视力受损显著相关。因此，必须采取干预措施，如在体育设施和学校配备护目镜，并在青少年和20多岁的人群中推广佩戴防护眼镜。

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INVESTIGATION

Vitreoretinal surgeons’ experience and time interval from pars-plana vitrectomy to cataract extraction

Yan-Xin Xu, Liang-Ping Liu, Jian-Bing Li, Huan-Huan Cheng, Min Hou, Lin Lu, Ming-Xing Wu

The study aimed to identify the association of the vitreoretinal surgeons’ experience with the time interval between pars-plana vitrectomy (PPV) and cataract extraction (CE). The surgeon’s experience was related to better postoperative outcomes and a lower complication rate in many diseases. The study showed that higher-practice-year surgeons were associated with a longer time interval from PPV to CE. Experienced surgeons still had an advantage in complicated cases. The surgeons’ practice years may have a greater effect on the time interval than annual case volume in high-complexity cases. Matching the complexity of vitreoretinal diseases with the surgeons’ practice year should be considered.

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玻璃体视网膜手术医生的经验和经平坦部玻璃体切除术到白内障摘除术的时间间隔

该研究旨在探讨玻璃体视网膜手术医生的经验与经平坦部玻璃体切除术（PPV）到白内障摘除（CE）的时间间隔的相关性。在许多疾病中，外科医师的经验与较好的术后结果和较低的并发症发生率有关。研究表明，手术年限越长，从PPV到CE的时间间隔越长，经验丰富的手术医生在处理复杂病例时仍具有优势。在高复杂度的病例中，外科医生的执业年限对时间间隔的影响可能大于年手术量的影响。应考虑将玻璃体视网膜疾病的复杂性与外科医生的执业年限相匹配。

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