AIM: To determine the ocular biometric measurements and central corneal thickness (CCT) in Nigerian children so as to have a reference database. METHODS: A hospital-based observational study of a cross-section of children seen consecutively between November 2017 and January 2018. The socio-demographic data of patients, visual acuity (VA) was assessed with LogMAR charts and Lea charts according to age group. Examination under anesthesia (EUA) was carried out for children eight years and below. Anterior and posterior segments examination through dilated pupil were done. Corneal diameters (CD) were assessed using calipers. Intraocular pressures (IOP) were examined using handheld tonometer, CCT and axial length (AL) were measured using the ultrasonic pachymeter. Cycloplegic refraction was carried out after clinical examination. Data were entered into and analysed using SPSS version 17 to generate results through descriptive statistics. Frequencies and cross tabulations of variables were done (P<0.05). RESULTS: Sixty-six children with 132 eyes of ages between 3-16y (mean: 9.13±3.70y) were studied. Male with female ratio was 1:1.7. The modal age range was 6-10y (42.4%). Most of them were primary school students (n=36, 54.5%). The predominant parents’ occupation was traders/unskilled workers (51.6%) and the professionals/civil servants (30.3%). The mean right and left VA were 0.45±0.46 and 0.45±0.44 (logMAR) respectively. The mean right and left horizontal corneal diameters (HCD) were 10.5±1.6 and 10.37±1.45 mm respectively. The mean right and left vertical corneal diameters (VCD) were 9.7±1.2 and 9.7±1.3 mm respectively. The mean right and left CCT were 556.71±2.61 and 556.47±45.53 μm respectively. Myopia (n=23, 34.8%), myopic astigmatism (n=18, 27.3%) and simple astigmatism (n=16, 24.2%) were the commonest types refractive error. No significant associations were observed between CCT and HCD (P=0.739), VA (P=0.058) and refractive error (P=0.199). However, CCT slightly significantly correlated with the age groups (P=0.055). CONCLUSION: Mean values for CCT, IOP and CD are known for the first time in Nigerian children. There is no significant association between CCT and VA, CD and refractive errors.