孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)是一种威胁视力、具有潜在致盲风险的眼部急症。玻璃体切除术(PPV)是治疗RRD的首选方式，尤其适用于后极部的视网膜裂孔、B级以上增生性玻璃体视网膜病变以及并发脉络膜脱离等复杂性视网膜脱离。尽管大多数患者术后能够实现良好的解剖复位，但部分患者术后仍可能出现视物变形、色觉异常、矫正视力不提高等症状。黄斑前膜(ERM)作为RRD术后最常见的并发症之一，发生率为4%-13%，不仅影响患者术后视力恢复，还常伴随视物变形的症状，严重时甚至需要二次手术剥除。近年来，内界膜剥除术(ILMP)作为一种辅助术式被引入RRD治疗，旨在促进视网膜复位、减少术后并发症及提高患者术后视觉质量和生活质量。然而，既往关于术中联合ILMP剥除对视网膜解剖结构和视功能恢复的研究较为有限。文章就ILMP在RRD中的作用机制、临床应用、存在的问题及研究进展等方面进行综述，为制定手术方式、评估病情变化和判断预后提供参考依据。

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)is a vision-threatening ocular emergency with the potential risk of blindness. Pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)is the treatment of choice for RRD, especially for complex retinal detachments such as posterior pole retinal tears, grade B or higher proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and concomitant choroidal detachment. Although most patients achieve good anatomical restoration after surgery, some patients may still experience postoperative symptoms such as distorted vision, abnormal color perception, and lack of improvement in corrected visual acuity. Epiretinal membranes(ERM), as one of the most common complications after RRD, occur in 4% to 13% of cases, which not only affect the recovery of patients' postoperative vision, but also are frequently associated with visual distortion. In severe cases, a second surgical intervention may be required. In recent years, internal limiting membrane peeling(ILMP)has been introduced as an adjunctive procedure in the treatment of RRD, to facilitate retinal reorientation, reduce postoperative complications, and improve patients' postoperative visual quality and quality of life. However, previous studies on the effects of combined intraoperative ILMP on retinal anatomy and visual function recovery are limited. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanism, clinical application, challenges and research progress of ILMP in RRD, providing a reference for surgical decision making, disease assessment, and prognosis evaluation.