目的：分析山西省长治市学龄前期儿童远视储备不足现状及影响因素，为本区域学龄前儿童近视防控工作提供参考依据。方法：分层整群随机抽样。选取2024年1月至2024年5月长治市29所托幼机构2 854例5 708眼学龄前期儿童作为调查对象，进行远视储备检测及问卷调查，剔除34例(哭闹不配合32例； 儿童不能集中精力配合检测导致反复测量无法读取数值的剔除2例)，最终共纳入2 820例5 640眼。采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析远视储备不足影响因素。结果：共检出远视储备不足580例，远视储备不足发生率20.57%。Logistic回归分析结果显示，男性(OR=1.723，95%CI：1.419-2.093)、母亲近视(OR=2.210，95%CI：1.681-2.906)、父亲近视(OR=1.426，95%CI：1.059-1.921)、父母均有近视(OR=2.761，95%CI：2.110-3.612)、早产儿(OR=1.740，95%CI：1.294-2.342)、平均每天睡眠时长<10 h(OR=1.272，95%CI：1.024-1.579)、平均每天户外活动时间<2 h(OR=1.222，95%CI：1.005-1.485)是学龄前期儿童远视储备不足的危险因素(均P<0.05)。睡眠环境白天用窗帘遮黑，晚上关灯(OR=0.598，95%CI：0.405-0.883)是学龄前期儿童远视储备不足的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论：性别、遗传、胎龄、睡眠时长与环境、户外活动时长均与学龄前儿童远视储备不足具有潜在关联，护理人员应该重视危险因素的防控，以预防近视发生。

AIM: To analyze the current status and influencing factors for insufficient hyperopia reserve in preschool children from Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, and to provide reference and basis for myopia prevention and control in this district.METHODS: A stratified cluster random sampling strategy was used to select 2 854 preschool children(5 708 eyes)from 29 child-care centers in Changzhi City between January and May 2024. Hyperopia reserve was assessed through measurements and questionnaire surveys. Totally 2 820 cases(5 640 eyes)were finally included, with 34 cases excluded(32 cases of uncooperativeness and 2 cases of distractibility). The univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were performed to analyze the associated influencing factors of insufficient hyperopia reserve.RESULTS: A total of 580 preschool children with insufficient hyperopia reserve were detected, with an incidence of 20.57%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that male(OR=1.723, 95% CI: 1.419-2.093), maternal myopia(OR=2.210, 95% CI: 1.681-2.906), paternal myopia(OR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.059-1.921), myopia in both parents(OR=2.761, 95% CI: 2.110-3.612), preterm infants(OR=1.740, 95% CI: 1.294-2.342), the mean daily sleep duration <10 h(OR=1.272, 95% CI: 1.024-1.579), and the mean daily outdoor activity time <2 h(OR=1.222, 95% CI: 1.005-1.485)were risk factors for insufficient hyperopia reserve(all P<0.05). Conversely, using blackout curtains during the day and turning off lights at night(OR=0.598, 95% CI: 0.405-0.883)were identified to be protective factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Sex, genetics, gestational age, sleep duration and environmental conditions, and outdoor activity time are potentially associated with insufficient hyperopia reserve in preschool children. Caregivers should prioritize the management of these risk factors to prevent the occurrence of myopia.