ChatGPT technology based on large language models (LLM) shows great potential in improving the quality of medical care, assisting clinical decision making and optimizing patient communication. The role of ChatGPT in ophthalmology is still in its infancy. This review aims to explore the application prospect of ChatGPT in ophthalmology. Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed, and the application prospects of LLM represented by ChatGPT in ophthalmology were summarized, including clinical assisted diagnosis, patient education and communication, history collection and text writing, clinical research, and medical education, etc. At the same time, the challenges and solutions faced by ChatGPT in ophthalmology were pointed out. Its safety, efficacy and ethics remain controversial in practical applications. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and research on its application to ensure safety and effectiveness. In the future, with the development of technology, ChatGPT is expected to play a greater role in ophthalmology and enhance the medical experience.